![]() In addition to the population-expansion-driven scarcity of agriculturally cultivable areas and vanishing forest ranges, biotic and abiotic stresses are equally serious and limiting factors for agricultural production. A variety of obstacles hamper efforts to improve food production, including human encroachment on land and natural disturbances (forest fires, landslides, earthquakes, floods, etc.). Economists and agriculturalists worldwide are concerned about food security due to growing populations and concomitant reductions in agriculturally cultivable land. Plants have been the principal source of food and energy for almost all living beings. It is possible that smart management options will pave the way for technologically advanced solutions to mitigate mistletoes that are yet to be exploited. Our review discusses the downsides of conventional mistletoe control techniques and explores the possibilities of biotechnological approaches using biocontrol agents and transgenic technologies. A biocontrol approach that could sidestep these issues has never achieved full proof of concept in real-field applications. Others, however, have either failed to circumvent the growing range and tropism of these parasitic plants or present significant environmental and public health risks. A variety of physical and chemical treatment methods, along with silvicultural practices, have shaped conventional mistletoe management. Because of their easy dispersal and widespread tropism, mistletoes have become serious pests for commercial fruit and timber plantations. As a result of intense mistletoe infection, the hosts suffer various growth and physiological detriments, which often lead to tree mortality. Due to their hemiparasitic nature, mistletoes leach water and nutrients, including primary and secondary metabolites, through the vascular systems of their plant hosts, primarily trees. Official site does not provide any info about changes in this version.Mistletoes have been considered a keystone resource for biodiversity, as well as a remarkable source of medicinal attributes that attract pharmacologists.
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